palmetto-carriage-works

How We Keep Our Horses Safe During the Summer Heat

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 21:44:11 GMT

When the summer heat rolls in, it’s not just people who feel the effects—horses do too. At Palmetto Carriage Works, we go above and beyond to make sure our horses stay cool, healthy, and happy. Here’s how we care for them during the hottest months—and what fellow horse owners can keep in mind as well.

1. Hydration First
Horses lose a lot of fluids and electrolytes through sweat. We make sure they always have access to clean water and provide electrolyte supplements when needed to keep them properly hydrated.

2. Ample Rest & Temperature Monitoring
City regulations require 15 minutes of rest between tours—but we usually give our horses at least 30. They cool off with fresh water, shaded areas, and misters. After every tour, we check each horse’s temperature—regardless of the season—to catch and address any signs of heat stress early.

3. Cool Shelter
Our horses rest in shaded, well-ventilated spaces like the Big Red Barn when not on tours. A break from direct sunlight makes all the difference in helping them recover and stay comfortable.

4. Regular Grooming
Frequent grooming removes sweat and dirt that can irritate skin and raise body temps. A clean coat helps keep them cool and healthy.

5. Balanced Nutrition
We adjust diets in the summer to support energy and digestion, adding supplements like salt and electrolytes—and even beer to encourage sweating in a safe and beneficial way.

6. Watching for Heat Stress
We closely monitor for signs like excessive sweating, heavy breathing, and fatigue. If we spot any issues, we act immediately—providing rest, water, and vet care if needed.

7. Safety Comes First
When temperatures exceed 95°F in Charleston, city regulations require we pause operations. And we’re fully on board—because our horses’ well-being comes before business.

At Palmetto Carriage Works, caring for our horses isn’t just a responsibility—it’s who we are. Thanks to thoughtful routines and constant care, we’ve never had a heat-related incident, and we’re committed to keeping it that way.

Here’s to a safe, cool summer—for you and your horses too! We’d love to host you so you can see for yourself the level of care we provide for our horses. Click here to learn more!

Honoring Earth Day: How the Carriage Industry Supports a Greener Future

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 21:38:16 GMT

Every April, Earth Day reminds us to reflect on our impact and renew our commitment to protecting the environment. At Palmetto Carriage Works, we believe sustainability isn’t just a once-a-year focus—it’s woven into the heart of what we do, every single day.

The carriage industry may be historic, but that doesn’t mean it’s stuck in the past. In fact, horse-drawn transportation is one of the original eco-friendly modes of travel. Here’s how our work honors both the planet and the legacy of our horses:

1. Horse Power > Horsepower

Before engines roared and exhaust filled the air, horses were our trusted source of transportation. By offering carriage tours, we’re embracing a low-impact, zero-emission alternative to cars and buses. It’s a peaceful, scenic way to experience the city—without contributing to pollution or noise.

2. Sustainable Barn Practices

At the Big Red Barn, we’re constantly looking for ways to reduce waste and reuse materials. We compost stall waste, recycle wherever possible, and use natural cleaning products that are safe for both animals and the environment. Our team is trained in eco-conscious barn management to ensure our operations stay green from the ground up.

3. Water Conservation & Cooling Techniques

Caring for horses in the South means being smart with resources—especially during Charleston’s hot summers. Our barns are equipped with energy-efficient fans and misting systems that cool without excessive water use. We monitor hydration carefully and use thoughtful scheduling to avoid the hottest parts of the day.

A Greener Future, Together

This Earth Day, we’re grateful for the opportunity to reflect, celebrate, and recommit to sustainability. The carriage industry connects us to a slower, more mindful way of living—one where care, conservation, and tradition go hand-in-hand.

Whether you’re strolling the streets of Charleston or working on your own Earth Day goals, we invite you to think about how we all move through the world—and how we can do it more kindly, more consciously, and more connected to the planet we call home.

Experience Charleston in April: Festivals, Events & More

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 21:34:55 GMT

Spring in Charleston is a time of vibrant blooms, pleasant temperatures, and an exciting lineup of events. Whether you’re a local or visiting for the first time, April offers an array of unforgettable experiences. From world-class festivals to bustling outdoor markets, we’ve compiled a list of must-do activities to make your time in Charleston truly special.

Charleston Jazz Festival

The Charleston Jazz Festival is back and bigger than ever, expanding to nine days of incredible performances and educational programs. This year’s lineup includes the College of Charleston Faculty Jazz Ensemble, the Mark Sterbank Quartet for Lowcountry Jazz Day, and the renowned Paquito D’Rivera. Secure your tickets now for a smooth and soulful experience!

�� April 21-28, 2025

Mount Pleasant Farmers Market

Since 1998, the Mount Pleasant Farmers Market has been a staple for fresh, locally sourced produce, meats, baked goods, and artisan foods. With live music adding to the atmosphere, it’s the perfect place to sample Lowcountry flavors and pick up handmade crafts.

�� Every Tuesday, 3:30 PM – 7:00 PM

Charleston Festival House & Garden Tours

Step back in time and explore Charleston’s architectural heritage with exclusive house and garden tours. Choose from three curated itineraries, including an intimate look at Tradd Street’s historic residences or a self-guided journey through the city’s most beautiful gardens.

Lowcountry Strawberry Festival

Held at the historic Boone Hall Plantation, this family-friendly festival is a celebration of spring’s sweetest harvest. Pick your own strawberries, enjoy live performances, and participate in interactive activities showcasing Lowcountry culture and traditions.

�� April 4-6 & April 11-13, 2025

Lafayette Musical & Immersive Bicentennial Tour

Commemorating 200 years since the Marquis de Lafayette’s return to the U.S., this special performance by the French National Orchestra of Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes combines music, storytelling, and an immersive sound and light show.

�� April 15, 2025 | 7:30 PM

Summerville Flowertown Festival

One of the largest arts and crafts festivals in the Southeast, the Summerville Flowertown Festival showcases local artists, delicious food, and family-friendly activities. With an expected crowd of 200,000 attendees, plan ahead and arrive early!

�� April 4-6, 2025

Cooper River Bridge Run

Take part in one of Charleston’s most iconic races! The Cooper River Bridge Run offers breathtaking views from the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge and includes a separate Kids Run for younger participants. Don’t forget to grab the highlight video after crossing the finish line!

�� April 5, 2025

Woofstock 2025: A Lowcountry Dog Music Festival

This event isn’t just for humans—bring your furry friends along for live music, dog fashion shows, talent contests, and breed meetups. It’s the perfect way to enjoy Charleston’s cultural scene while celebrating man’s best friend.

�� April 12, 2025 | 12:00 PM – 7:00 PM

High Water Festival

Set against the scenic backdrop of Riverfront Park, the High Water Festival features a stellar lineup including Arcade Fire, Counting Crows, Lord Huron, and more. Pack your sunscreen and get ready for two days of incredible music.

�� April 26-27, 2025

The Great Gatsby Ballet

Step into the Roaring Twenties with this breathtaking ballet adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic novel. Performed by the world-renowned World Ballet Company, this production features a stunning cast, hand-crafted costumes, and a jazz-inspired original score.

�� April 24, 2025

Explore Charleston by Carriage

No visit to Charleston is complete without a charming carriage ride through the historic district. Whether you opt for a daytime or evening tour, you’ll get a guided journey past stunning mansions, lush gardens, and iconic landmarks. Enjoy a relaxing ride and soak in the city’s beauty from a unique perspective.

Plan Your Charleston Adventure

With so many exciting events happening this April, there’s no shortage of ways to experience Charleston’s vibrant culture. Make the most of your visit and take advantage of these incredible opportunities to explore, enjoy, and make lasting memories!

The Ultimate Guide to Free Holiday Events in Charleston, SC

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 21:29:17 GMT

The holiday season in Charleston, South Carolina, is nothing short of magical. Between the historic charm of downtown, the sparkling light displays, and festive markets, the city comes alive with seasonal spirit. Even better, many holiday activities are free to enjoy, making it easy to embrace the holiday cheer without spending a fortune. Here’s a guide to some of Charleston’s best free holiday events to check out this season!

1. Holiday-Themed Carriage Rides with Palmetto Carriage Works

When: December (Exact dates TBD)
Where: Downtown Charleston

Start your holiday festivities with a free horse and carriage ride through Charleston’s beautifully decorated streets! Palmetto Carriage Works offers holiday-themed rides at no cost in exchange for a donation to One80 Place, a nonprofit working to end homelessness. This is a fantastic way to see the city’s historic architecture decked out for the season while supporting a great cause. You’ll get to enjoy the sights, sounds, and festive spirit with friends or family in tow.

2. Holiday Festival of Lights at James Island County Park (Free on Specific Days)

When: Nightly from mid-November through December
Where: James Island County Park

Charleston’s beloved Holiday Festival of Lights is a must-see every year. While the event typically has an entry fee, you can enjoy it for free on select evenings—perfect for budget-conscious families. On these special nights, you can drive through over 700 light displays, each more enchanting than the last, and enjoy a night out with loved ones. Be sure to check the Charleston County Parks website for specific free-admission dates.

3. Holiday Market at Marion Square

When: Every Saturday and Sunday in December until Christmas
Where: Marion Square

Get into the festive shopping spirit at the Holiday Market in Marion Square, where you can browse a variety of local vendors offering everything from artisan crafts to delicious treats. This seasonal twist on Charleston’s regular farmers’ market is a perfect spot to pick up handmade holiday gifts or simply take in the festive decor and music. Even if you’re just window-shopping, the market is a fantastic way to enjoy Charleston’s holiday vibe.

4. Christmas Tree Lighting Ceremonies

When: Late November to Early December (Dates vary by location)
Where: Various locations around Charleston

The Christmas tree lighting ceremonies around Charleston are a classic way to kick off the season. Some popular ones include the Charleston Tree Lighting at Marion Square and the Folly Beach Christmas Tree Lighting. These events typically feature live music, hot chocolate, and even an appearance from Santa Claus himself. Bring a blanket and enjoy the community spirit under the twinkling lights.

5. Second Sunday on King Street Holiday Celebrations

When: Second Sunday of each month; extra holiday activities in December
Where: King Street, Charleston

On the second Sunday of each month, King Street closes to traffic and transforms into a pedestrian-friendly space filled with local vendors, music, and outdoor dining. In December, Second Sunday takes on a holiday twist with additional festivities, like street performers, carolers, and holiday decorations. It’s a great opportunity to stroll along the beautifully decorated street, shop for gifts, and enjoy a hot cocoa or festive treat.

6. The Holiday Parade of Boats

When: Early December
Where: Charleston Harbor

Watch the Charleston Harbor come alive with the Annual Holiday Parade of Boats, where a flotilla of festively decorated boats sails from Mount Pleasant to the Charleston waterfront. Find a spot along the harbor and enjoy the sight of boats adorned with holiday lights and decorations. This unique Charleston tradition is free and a memorable experience for locals and visitors alike.

7. Holiday Window Displays on King Street

When: All season long
Where: King Street

Stroll down King Street and take in the creative holiday window displays from some of Charleston’s best shops. Many stores go all out with decorations, creating enchanting scenes that rival any holiday display. This is a perfect option for a casual evening out, especially for families who want to admire the decorations without the crowds. Take your time walking the stretch, and don’t forget to snap a few photos!

8. Holiday Concerts and Caroling Events

When: December (Various dates)
Where: Various locations in Charleston

During December, you can often find free holiday concerts and caroling events throughout the city. Local churches, community centers, and schools host performances open to the public. Look out for events at venues like St. Michael’s Church and the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist for beautiful holiday music in equally stunning settings. These concerts bring the community together in celebration and often feature both traditional and contemporary holiday tunes.

9. Charleston’s Annual Christmas Parade

When: Early December
Where: Starts on Broad Street and travels through downtown Charleston

Join the locals for the Charleston Christmas Parade, a beloved holiday tradition featuring floats, marching bands, dancers, and more. This lively parade winds through the historic streets of downtown Charleston, bringing cheer and festive spirit to attendees of all ages. This is an excellent family-friendly event and a perfect way to enjoy Charleston’s holiday season without spending a dime.

10. Holiday Lights on the Ashley at Magnolia Plantation and Gardens (Select Free Dates)

When: Late November through December
Where: Magnolia Plantation and Gardens

Magnolia Plantation and Gardens often offer select dates with free admission to their Holiday Lights on the Ashley, a mesmerizing display of twinkling lights across the historic gardens. Walking through the gardens at night and seeing the lights reflected in the Ashley River is a magical experience for everyone.

Make the Most of Charleston’s Holiday Season!

Charleston has something for everyone during the holidays, from sparkling light displays to festive markets and parades. The best part? Many of these events are free, allowing you to enjoy the holiday spirit without overspending. So grab your friends, family, or a cozy blanket, and dive into all the festive cheer Charleston has to offer this season!

Travel to Charleston, SC This Fall – What to Do, Where to Stay & What to Eat

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 21:17:56 GMT

Nestled on the coast of South Carolina, Charleston is a city rich in history, culture, and Southern charm. From its cobblestone streets and antebellum architecture to its vibrant culinary scene and beautiful beaches, Charleston offers something for every traveler. Whether you’re a history buff, a foodie, or simply looking for a relaxing getaway, this guide will help you make the most of your visit to Charleston, SC.

Historical Sites and Landmarks

Charleston is steeped in history, making it a paradise for history enthusiasts. Here are some must-visit historical sites and landmarks:

Fort Sumter National Monument Located in Charleston Harbor, Fort Sumter is where the first shots of the Civil War were fired. Accessible only by boat, visitors can explore the fort’s ruins, visit the museum, and enjoy panoramic views of the harbor. The ferry ride to Fort Sumter offers a unique perspective on Charleston’s maritime history.

The Battery and White Point Garden The Battery is a historic defensive seawall and promenade famous for its antebellum homes and picturesque views of the Charleston Harbor. White Point Garden, located at the southern tip of The Battery, is a beautiful park filled with oak trees, monuments, and cannons, offering a serene spot to relax and take in the history of the area.

Historic Charleston City Market Dating back to the early 19th century, the Historic Charleston City Market is one of the oldest public markets in the United States. Spanning four city blocks, the market is a bustling hub where you can find local crafts, souvenirs, and Gullah sweetgrass baskets. It’s an excellent place to experience the local culture and pick up unique handmade items.

The best way to experience all of this rich southern history is on a classic horse and carriage tour. Visit Charleston Carriage Works’ website at mycharlestoncarriage.com to book your historic tour of Charleston today.

Cultural Experiences

Charleston’s cultural scene is vibrant and diverse, with numerous museums and cultural institutions to explore:

Charleston Museum Founded in 1773, the Charleston Museum is often referred to as “America’s First Museum.” It offers a comprehensive look at the city’s history, from Native American artifacts to Civil War exhibits. The museum’s permanent and rotating exhibits provide fascinating insights into Charleston’s past.

Gibbes Museum of Art The Gibbes Museum of Art showcases American art with a focus on the South. Its impressive collection includes works by both historical and contemporary artists, offering a diverse range of paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts. The museum also features special exhibitions and educational programs.

Old Slave Mart Museum Located on Chalmers Street, the Old Slave Mart Museum is housed in one of the last remaining slave auction galleries in South Carolina. The museum provides a poignant and educational look at the history of the transatlantic slave trade and its impact on Charleston and the United States.

Outdoor Activities

Charleston’s natural beauty and pleasant climate make it perfect for outdoor activities:

Waterfront Park Situated along the Cooper River, Waterfront Park is a favorite spot for both locals and visitors. The park features beautiful fountains, gardens, and plenty of seating areas to enjoy the scenic views. The iconic Pineapple Fountain is a must-see and a great photo opportunity.

Magnolia Plantation and Gardens One of the oldest public gardens in America, Magnolia Plantation and Gardens is renowned for its stunning landscapes and historic significance. Visitors can explore the beautiful gardens, take a guided tour of the plantation house, and learn about the history of the property and its inhabitants.

Sullivan’s Island Beach For a relaxing day by the ocean, head to Sullivan’s Island Beach . Known for its pristine sand and calm waters, it’s a great spot for swimming, sunbathing, and beachcombing. The island also has several charming restaurants and shops to explore.

Culinary Delights

Charleston is a food lover’s paradise, offering a diverse array of culinary delights:

Must-Try Local Dishes Charleston’s cuisine is heavily influenced by its coastal location and Southern roots. Be sure to try local favorites like shrimp and grits, she-crab soup, and Lowcountry boil. Don’t miss out on fresh seafood, which is abundant and delicious.

Recommended Restaurants and Eateries

Husk : Known for its farm-to-table approach, Husk offers a menu that changes daily based on local ingredients.
FIG : This award-winning restaurant focuses on seasonally inspired dishes and sustainable practices.
The Ordinary : A seafood hall and oyster bar that celebrates Charleston’s maritime heritage with fresh, local seafood.

Shopping and Souvenirs

Charleston offers a variety of shopping options, from high-end boutiques to charming local shops:

King Street King Street is Charleston’s premier shopping district, featuring a mix of upscale retailers, antique shops, and trendy boutiques. It’s a great place to find unique clothing, jewelry, and home decor.

Local Boutiques and Artisan Shops Explore Charleston’s local boutiques and artisan shops for one-of-a-kind souvenirs. Look for Gullah sweetgrass baskets, handmade jewelry, and locally produced food items like benne wafers and Charleston tea.

Family-Friendly Activities

Charleston is a fantastic destination for families, with plenty of activities to keep kids entertained:

South Carolina Aquarium Located on the Charleston Harbor, the South Carolina Aquarium is home to a wide variety of marine life, including sea turtles, sharks, and colorful fish. The aquarium’s interactive exhibits and touch tanks make it a fun and educational experience for children of all ages.

Children’s Museum of the Lowcountry The Children’s Museum of the Lowcountry offers hands-on exhibits and activities designed to engage young minds. From a pirate ship to an art room, the museum provides endless opportunities for imaginative play and learning.

Charleston Fun Park For a day of outdoor fun, head to Charleston Fun Park . The park features go-karts, mini-golf, an arcade, and more. It’s a great place for families to enjoy some friendly competition and create lasting memories.

Getting Around

Navigating Charleston is relatively easy, thanks to its compact size and various transportation options:

Transportation Options

Walking : Many of Charleston’s attractions are within walking distance of each other, making it easy to explore the city on foot.
Bike Rentals : Renting a bike is a popular way to get around Charleston and see the sights at your own pace.
Public Transportation : The Charleston Area Regional Transportation Authority (CARTA) offers bus services throughout the city and surrounding areas.
Carriage Rides : For a unique and informative tour, consider taking a horse-drawn carriage ride through historic Charleston.

Tips for Navigating the City

Wear comfortable shoes, as you’ll likely be doing a lot of walking.
Bring a map or use a navigation app to help you find your way around.
Be mindful of the weather, especially in the summer months when it can be hot and humid.

Accommodation Options

Charleston offers a range of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference:

Best Areas to Stay

Historic District : Staying in the Historic District puts you in the heart of Charleston’s attractions, restaurants, and shops.
Mount Pleasant : Just across the Cooper River, Mount Pleasant offers a more suburban feel with easy access to downtown Charleston and nearby beaches.

Recommended Hotels and B&Bs

The Spectator Hotel : A luxury boutique hotel located in the Historic District , offering elegant rooms and personalized service.
French Quarter Inn : Known for its Southern hospitality, this charming inn provides comfortable accommodations and complimentary amenities.
The Inn at Middleton Place : Set on the grounds of the historic Middleton Place plantation, this inn offers a unique and tranquil stay.

Charleston, SC, is a city that captivates visitors with its rich history, vibrant culture, and Southern charm. Whether you’re exploring historical sites, enjoying the local cuisine, or relaxing on the beach, Charleston has something to offer everyone. With this guide, you’re well-equipped to make the most of your visit and create unforgettable memories in this enchanting Southern city.

Horse & Carriage Tours in Charleston, SC – See the City the Way it was Meant to be Seen

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 21:01:37 GMT

Are you planning a trip to Charleston, SC this summer and looking for the best ways to see the city? Consider taking a horse & carriage historic tour, where you’ll be immersed into picturesque Downtown and have the opportunity to learn about its rich history along the way.

Historic Horse & Carriage Rides in Charleston, SC

The best way to immerse yourself into the Charleston cultural scene is by taking a horse and carriage ride . Charleston Carriage Works offers two two types of tours: the classic daytime tour is one hour long and allows passengers to experience the true historic charm of Downtown Charleston. The haunted history tour , on the other hand, is CCW’s evening ride featuring the darker stories of Charleston’s past, allowing guests the opportunity to experience the spooky side of the Holy City. Either way, it’s hard to go wrong. Depending on what you’re in the mood for, both tours are an excellent option to explore Charleston.

Charleston Carriage Works offers a daytime carriage tour as well as a tour in the evening. Depending on your preference, you can experience a traditional historic tour of the city, or be immersed into the sinister side of Charleston, learning about all of its alleged hauntings over time. The daytime tour speaks to those who would like a broader historic angle, while the evening tour is a bit more dark, offering those interested a peek into some of the sites known for their spooky stories. We offer public and private tours both during the day and in the evening. Our public carriages hold up to 16 passengers while our privates can handle either up to four or up to eight passengers. Pricing varies by season and can be explored by clicking here .

Depending on the purpose of your visit, you might prefer one of these carriage tours over another. For example, we often see bachelorette parties traveling on our private wagonette, which holds up to eight passengers, on a tour before or after their downtown dinner reservations. A couple on a romantic evening on the town might prefer the vis-a-vis carriage option, which comfortably seats up to four, but is just as perfect for a duo. A bigger group might look into booking all 16 seats on our pubic daytime or evening carriage. Whatever the occasion, we would be glad to help you explore Charleston on one of our carriage tours.

Finally, if you are planning a visit to Charleston and are interested in combining your carriage ticket with another tour in town (e.g. Fort Sumter, a home on the High Battery, a plantation, etc.) consider booking two tours at a discount by clicking here . We look forward to showing you around town soon!

Animal Welfare

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 20:58:45 GMT

Horse and mule-drawn carriages in Downtown Charleston are not an unusual sight. Passersby often question whether or not the animals are enjoying the work that they do, and if it is safe. At Charleston Carriage Works, we take pride in the quality of care given to our animals and operate with their health and well-being as the number one priority at all times.

Charleston Carriage’s downtown barn comfortably holds up to 28 animals at a time in large box stalls. In total, the Charleston Carriage herd consists of 42 horses and mules, 2 goats, 4 cats and 6 chickens, but those numbers are always changing as animals rotate in and out. When the horses and mules are not in the Downtown barn, they spend time at the family farm on John’s Island, about 20 miles away. The company has 3 trucks and 3 trailers that can hold up to 30 animals, and regularly rotate the stock. Though it is beneficial for the horses to get time and space in a green pasture, they actually encounter fewer issues in the Big Red Barn than at the farm. The reason for this is the constant care and monitoring they receive in the controlled conditions of the barn, as opposed to the open fields where they have more time on their own.

It’s no question that Charleston summers are hot, and there are times when the heat is too much for our animals to safely work. When the temperature reaches 95 degrees or the humidity index reaches a level of 110, carriage tours are immediately halted. Additionally, Charleston Carriage Works checks the temperature. of each animal before and after every tour, year round, to ensure that it stays within the normal range of 99 to 101 degrees. If the animal’s temperature is too high, it takes a break to cool down. Charleston is one of the only cities in the world where the animals are monitored individually. There has never been a heat-related incident in over 46 years of business. Our horses and mules are also given regular breaks throughout the day. Charleston Carriage Works animals are required to have a minimum 15 minute break between each tour, however breaks can be closer to 45 minutes in hot weather.

Another common question that we hear often is whether or not the animals like pulling carriages all day. Carriage horses are bred to work in harness, and the exercise keeps them healthy. Horses recognize, respond to, and develop an affection for their drivers. A horse can easily pull a wheeled vehicle that is six times his own weight; however, carriage horses in Charleston only pull half of that. When the animals are not working in and around the barn, they are vacationing at the family farm in Johns Island. Charleston Carriage animals see an equine veterinarian a minimum of three times a year. They also see an equine dentist at least annually. If one of our animals needs to be retired from the working herd, we make sure the horse or mule goes to a good home. If that means working within a new owner’s means, we sell them for minimal cost or even give them away. We do this because we build a bond with each one of our animals and we want to do all we can to make sure they continue to have the best care and a good home.

The care that we give to our animals would not be possible without the devoted employees on our staff. Charleston Carriage employs an average of 70 Charleston area residents per week. Each employee shares our love for these animals and goes above and beyond to ensure their safety and happiness!